Multiply your transmissions first gear x transfercase ratio x axle ratio = crawl ratio.
Example for an auto:
2.84 (1st gear) x 4.0 (transfercase gear) x 4.10 (axle ratio) = 46.576 crawl ratio
A higher ratio means your tires will keep trying to spin even when up against something. For example, in mall crawling, 2wd or 4wd might not be enough to get over a parking curb. When you shift to 4-lo, you can likely idle over it or it will require very little throttle. Go try it out.
PS on an auto, the crawl ratio is higher than the hand calculated method due to the torque converter.
Sent from a a few tin cans and some string.